Beginner’s Guide: OSI Model

The OSI model has been the de facto reference model for networking protocols since the mid-1990s. The OSI model is formally known as Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model ISO/IEC 7498-1. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a global standards-settings group comprised of members from various national standards groups. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is another global standards-settings group that focuses on electrical, electronic, and related technologies. The IEC works closely with ISO and other groups to establish standards for computers, networking, and communications. The OSI model is a conceptual model rather than a technical specification. This means it is used to discuss, describe, compare, and contrast actual technologies rather than directly mandating elements of technology.

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Getting Started with Cisco UC Technologies

When Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone in March 1876, he could hardly have conceived the impact it would have. Today, nearly a century and a half later, human beings communicate verbally using landline phones (e.g., traditional home telephone) and cellular telephones, and access data along these very same lines. Bell’s original device made use of analog technologies of the day, which was transitioned to digital transmission in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) core. Voice conversations in this proverbial world took place through a series of physical electrical circuits, thus named circuit-switched. The next progression and/or transition of telephony came in the form of packet-switched telephony, giving way to the all too familiar term VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). In positioning its technologies for this next-generation methodology, Cisco pioneered a number of critical elements that paved the way for practical, affordable telephony that we will examine here.

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A Better Way to Role Play

Most salespeople hate role play even though it is one of the best tools to help them grow. Unfortunately, traditional role plays set up a salesperson to feel bad about themselves instead of learn. We strongly suggest that managers be the salesperson when role playing, especially when working with new reps, for two reasons. First,[…] Read More

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CCNP Exam Prep Tips and Must Knows

In January of 2010, Cisco announced they were updating their CCNP curriculum and their certification exams through what they described as “a comprehensive process involving customers and partners from around the globe.” The revisions focused “on the competencies that are needed to plan, implement, and troubleshoot the routed and switched networks of today and are designed to be more predictive of job readiness.”

As a result, the exams became more challenging and focused on core competencies for routing, switching, and troubleshooting an enterprise network.

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